What is it about?
This study explores what leads to kensho, a sudden spiritual awakening in Zen Buddhism. Researchers interviewed 13 people who experienced kensho during a retreat and identified seven key influences: personal struggles, past awakenings, childhood spiritual moments, searching for meaning, trauma, the role of the ego, and psychedelic use. A deeper analysis showed that early spiritual experiences and previous awakenings build upon each other over time, making future awakenings more likely. Surprisingly, psychedelic use during retreats did not strongly influence kensho. This study is unique because it highlights how structured self-inquiry practices, like Charles Berner’s method, can guide people toward awakening. It also suggests that kensho is part of an ongoing journey of personal and spiritual growth.
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Why is it important?
This study is important because it provides new insights into spiritual awakenings, an experience that many people seek but few understand. By examining real-life experiences and using a structured research method, it helps demystify kensho and offers practical guidance for those on a spiritual path. The findings challenge common beliefs, such as the role of psychedelics, and highlight the long-term impact of early spiritual experiences. As interest in mindfulness, self-inquiry, and personal transformation grows, this research is timely and relevant for anyone curious about deep spiritual insights and how they happen.
Perspectives

I personally went through a kensho experience using the methods described in this study. It was a life-changing moment that left me wanting to understand what had happened to me. That curiosity led to this research. As I analyzed the experiences of others, I saw many similarities to my own. This process was deeply healing and helped me make sense of my own awakening.
Jeffrey Overall
Centre for Metaphysical and Consciousness Research
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: The antecedents of kensho spiritual awakenings: A mixed-methods study., Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice, March 2025, American Psychological Association (APA),
DOI: 10.1037/cns0000423.
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