What is it about?
Mark variograms are widely adopted in forest ecosystem studies for analyzing spatial interaction among trees. Inference on mark variograms can be performed under a model-dependent perspective (ergodic variograms) or under a deterministic perspective (non-ergodic variograms).
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Why is it important?
A simple and workable definition of non-ergodic mark variogram is introduced based on distances between pairs of trees distinguished by distance classes. Design-based estimators of mark variogram values are proposed as the ratio of two Horvitz–Thompson estimators using replicated plots randomly located on the study area and using the inclusion probabilities of the pairs of trees. A jackknife estimator of the variance of such an estimator has been proven to give conservative estimates of precision.
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This page is a summary of: Design-based estimation of mark variograms in forest ecosystem surveys, Spatial Statistics, April 2019, Elsevier,
DOI: 10.1016/j.spasta.2019.02.002.
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