What is it about?
Current antiviral vaccines take weeks to elicit protein-based protection via adaptive immunity. Here, we characterized a unique live-attenuated RNA virus vaccine, where attenuation resulted from the elimination of the viral suppressor of RNAi (VSR) and enhanced the production of virus-targeting small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs). We showed that single-dose immunization with the vaccine just 2 days in advance induced full protection in neonatal and adult mutant mice lacking adaptive immunity. Moreover, the immunized mutant mice remained protected against lethal challenge for at least 90 days post-vaccination. We further showed that VSR-disabled live-attenuated vaccine was also able to induce protection by adaptive immunity in adult C57BL/6 mice.
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Why is it important?
Human enterovirus-A71, influenza A, and dengue viruses all encode a similar viral suppressor of RNAi to suppress production of virus-targeting small-interfering RNAs, suggesting potential for developing a distinct type of virus vaccine to confer rapid and effective protection in healthy and adaptive immunity-compromised individuals.
Perspectives
Future studies are warranted to determine whether additional animal and human viruses attenuated by VSR inactivation induce similar antiviral protection.
Dr Shou-Wei Ding
University of California Riverside
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Live-attenuated virus vaccine defective in RNAi suppression induces rapid protection in neonatal and adult mice lacking mature B and T cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, April 2024, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321170121.
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