Sun Safety for Outdoor Athletes: Effective Use of Sunscreens, Clothing, and Behavioral Strategies

What is it about?

The study evaluated photoprotection strategies for outdoor athletes, focusing on topical sunscreens, photoprotective clothing, and behavioral interventions. The methodology involved a structured search of PubMed up to July 22, 2025, to identify English-language studies on UV protection in sports contexts, which were then narratively synthesized. The study analyzed 58 records, considering factors like sunscreen formulation, clothing UPF, and behavioral strategies, while employing design-based evidence symbols and a PRISMA-style flow for documentation. Main findings highlighted low adherence to sun-safety practices among athletes, such as inadequate sunscreen reapplication and usage of photoprotective apparel. The study emphasized the need for integrated strategies, including regular sunscreen application and reapplication, use of UPF 50+ clothing, and behavioral modifications like scheduling training outside peak UV hours. It identified priority gaps for future research, including athlete-specific randomized trials and the development of smart textiles.

Featured Image

Why is it important?

This study is important because it addresses the high ultraviolet (UV) exposure that outdoor athletes face, which increases their risk of sunburn, skin damage, and skin cancer. Despite being aware of these risks, athletes often do not adhere to recommended sun-safety practices. The research evaluates effective photoprotection strategies and provides practical guidance for improving sun-safety behaviors in sports settings. By enhancing compliance with sun-protection measures, this study aims to reduce long-term health risks for athletes and promote their skin health throughout their careers. Key Takeaways: 1. Low Adherence to Sun-Safety: The study highlights that adherence to sun-protection practices among outdoor athletes is generally low, with significant percentages of athletes, such as trail runners and high-volume cyclists, either not reapplying or not using sunscreen at all. 2. Effective Photoprotection Strategies: The study identifies an integrated approach for effective photoprotection, including the use of high-performance sunscreens, UPF 50+ apparel, and behavior-based interventions like scheduling and digital prompts to improve compliance. 3. Research Gaps and Future Directions: The study emphasizes the need for further research in areas such as developing sweat-resistant sunscreen technologies, smart textiles that retain UV protection, and cost-effectiveness analyses of sun-safety interventions to enhance athlete care.