Radioligand Therapy: New Medical Uses Beyond Cancer

What is it about?

The study systematically reviewed literature from January 2010 to October 2023 on theranostics applications in nononcologic conditions, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The research focused on radioligand therapy (RLT) within cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases, excluding oncology-specific and non-radioligand therapies. Original research articles, clinical trials, preclinical studies, and translational research reports were included, with evidence graded by study design ranging from randomized controlled trials to expert opinions. The findings highlighted the use of radioligands like ^68Ga-DOTATATE for vascular inflammation and ^18F-florbetapir for cardiac amyloid imaging. Nanotechnology-based systems were noted for enhancing precision in drug targeting and imaging contrast. The study underscored ongoing clinical trials and the translational research efforts that support the expanding role of theranostics beyond oncology.

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Why is it important?

This study is important as it expands the application of theranostics beyond oncology, demonstrating its potential in treating complex noncancerous diseases such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological conditions. By leveraging molecular imaging and targeted therapy, the research highlights a transformative approach in precision medicine that could lead to more effective and personalized treatment options. The integration of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence within this framework promises to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic precision, offering significant advancements in healthcare delivery for chronic diseases. This study underscores the potential of theranostics to redefine disease management and improve patient outcomes across diverse medical fields. Key Takeaways: 1. Nononcologic Applications: The study identifies emerging theranostic strategies in diseases like atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiac amyloidosis, myocardial inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing its expanding scope beyond cancer care. 2. Technological Innovations: Advancements in radioligands, such as ^68Ga-DOTATATE and ^99mTc-labeled agents, along with nanotechnology-based delivery systems, enhance precision and imaging contrast, particularly benefiting autoimmune and neurodegenerative conditions. 3. Overcoming Challenges: Despite hurdles like limited radionuclide access and regulatory complexities, the study highlights ongoing clinical trials and translational research as key drivers in overcoming these barriers, fostering broader adoption of theranostics in routine care.