Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated 2, 6-Diaminopyridine

What is it about?

2, 6-Diaminopyridine (2, 6-DAP) has extensive use in synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of 2, 6-DAP. The study was performed in two groups, control and treated. The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment group. The control and treated 2, 6-DAP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Laser particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed decrease in intensity of the peaks of treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. Unit cell volume and molecular weight were decreased by 2.97% and 2.98% respectively in treated 2, 6-DAP as compared to control. Crystallite size was decreased by 24.70% in treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. DSC analysis showed no significant change in melting temperature of treated 2, 6-DAP with respect to control. Nevertheless, the treated 2, 6-DAP showed significant increase in latent heat of fusion by 35.52% as compared to control 2, 6-DAP. TGA analysis showed decrease in percent weight loss of the treated 2, 6-DAP in comparison with control. Additionally, substantial increase in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) was observed in treated 2, 6-DAP (203.52°C) as compared with control 2, 6-DAP (186.84°C). Particle size analysis results showed a substantial decrease in d50 (average particle size) and d99 (size exhibited by 99% of the particles) of the treated 2, 6-DAP by 20.5 and 57.4%, respectively as compared to control. Additionally, the BET analysis showed substantial increase in surface area of treated 2, 6-DAP by 75.58% as compared to control. FT-IR spectrum of treated 2, 6-DAP showed alteration in O-H stretching (3390→3370 cm-1), C-H stretching (3132→3138 cm-1) and N-H bending (1637→1604 cm-1) vibration peaks with respect to control. However, UV-visible analysis of treated 2, 6-DAP showed no significant changes in absorption peaks (λ max) with respect to control. Overall, the results demonstrated that biofield has significant impact on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of the treated 2, 6-DAP.

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Why is it important?

Diaminopyridine are important class of organic compounds, mostly used for synthesis of dyes, cosmetics, drugs and explosives. Recently, 2, 4-diaminopyridine was used as pharmacological agent for muscle relaxant used in anesthesia and it can increase the neuromuscular transmission in certain disease conditions. Additionally, 3, 4-diaminopyridine was used as a drug for the treatment of Lambert–Eaton syndrome (a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness) and also prescribed for multiple sclerosis [1]. Moreover, 4-aminopyridine a pyridine derivative was used for K-channel blocker in axonal membranes, and also to prolong the nerve action potential [2]. 2, 6- Diaminopyridine (2, 6-DAP) is used for synthesis of hair dye and energetic compounds [3]. Besides, it is also used as intermediate for the synthesis of epoxy curing agent, polyamides, and preparation of analgesic phenazo- pyridine hydrochloride. Further, it was reported that amino pyridine and diaminopyridine are present in many biologically significant molecules such as folate, antifolate drugs, and cytosine derivatives [4]. However, it has been shown that 2, 6-DAP and related compounds have less water solubility and it does not cross the blood brain barrier [5], which limits its pharmaceutical applications. Hence, alternative strategies should be devised in order to improve the solubility and stability of the compounds. Mohammadi et al. used fast neutron and gamma irradiation to investigate the thermal, structural and colorant properties of 2, 6-DAP [6]. Recently biofield treatment has been reported to use as an effective alternative strategy for altering the physical and thermal properties of various metals and ceramics [7-10]. Hence, by considering the pharmaceutical significance of 2, 6-DAP, the present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of this compound. German physicist George Christopher Lichtenberg coined the term Bioelectrography in 1770 and it was observed that light coming out from different subjects in electrical fields [11]. Moreover, short-lived electrical events called action potential exist in several types of animal cells, neuronal cells, muscle cells, and endocrine cells. For instance, neurons which are present in human nervous system have the ability to transmit the information in the form of electrical signals [12-16]. Additionally, the biofield is a cumulative outcome of electric and magnetic field, exerted by the human body [17,18]. It is generates through some internal dynamic processes such as blood flow, lymph flow, brain functions, and heart function in the human body. Thus, human beings have the ability to harness the energy from environment/Universe and can transmit into any object (living or non-living) around the Globe. The object(s) always receive the energy and responding into a useful manner that is called biofield energy. Mr. Trivedi’s unique biofield treatment is also known as The Trivedi Effect®. Mr. Trivedi is known to transform the characteristics of various living and nonliving things. The biofield treatment has improved the growth and production of agriculture crops [19-22] and significantly altered the phenotypic characteristics of various pathogenic microbes [23-25]. Additionally, biofield treatment has substantially altered the medicinal, growth and anatomical properties of ashwagandha [26]. After considering the above mentioned outcome from biofield treatment and pharmaceutical applications of 2, 6-DAP, this work was undertaken to investigate the impact on physical, thermal and spectral properties of the 2, 6-DAP.

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