An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Thermal, Physical and Structural Properties of Cadmium Powder

What is it about?

Cadmium is widely utilized in nickel-cadmium batteries, stabilizers, and coating applications due to its versatile physico-chemical properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on atomic, thermal, and physical properties of cadmium powder. The cadmium powder was divided into two groups, one group as control and another group as treated. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Control and treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed significant alteration in lattice parameter, unit cell volume, densities, nuclear charge per unit volume, and atomic weight in treated cadmium powder as compared to control. Furthermore, crystallite size was significantly reduced upto 66.69% in treated cadmium as compared to control. DSC analysis results showed that the latent heat of fusion of the treated cadmium powder was considerably reduced by 16.45% as compared to control. Particle size data revealed that average particle size (d50) of treated cadmium powder was significantly reduced by 47.79 % as compared to the control. In addition, the surface area of treated cadmium powder was substantially enhanced by 156.36% as compared to control. Surface morphology observed by SEM showed the more facets and fractured surface with satellite boundaries in treated cadmium powder as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the atomic, thermal and physical properties of cadmium.

Featured Image

Why is it important?

Cadmium (Cd) element belongs to group IIB in the Periodic Table, which originally exists in Hexagonal Closed Packing (HCP) crystal structure. Cadmium is widely used in battery, predominantly in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries as anode, stabilizers, coating applications etc. Higher specific surface area of a material plays an important role in many applications including battery electrodes, catalyst supports, and energy storage devices [1]. The increase in surface area of the electrodes in batteries leads to improve the cell current density and thus, deliver more power [2]. Besides that, in industries, high surface area is achieved via various methods such as ball milling, and laser-assisted chemical vapour deposition, etc [3-5]. Nevertheless, these processes require complex and expensive methods that can limit the application of these materials. Thus, researchers have investigated alternative ways to increase the surface area. After considering of cadmium properties and cost aspect, the authors wanted to investigate an alternative and economically viable approach that could be beneficial to modify the atomic, structural, and thermal properties of powder. The law of mass-energy inter-conversion has existed in the literature for more than 300 years for which first idea was given by Hasenohrl, after that Einstein derived the well-known equation E=mc2 for light and mass [6,7]. However the conversion of mass into energy is fully verified, but the inverse of this relation, i.e. energy into mass has not yet verified scientifically. Furthermore, the energy exists in various forms such as kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, and nuclear, etc. Similarly, human nervous system consists of neurons, which have the ability to transmit information in the form of electrical signals [8-10]. Thus, a human has ability to harness the energy from environment/universe and it can transmit into any object (living or non-living) on the Globe. The object always receives the energy and responded into useful way and that is called biofield energy. This process is known as biofield treatment. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment (The Trivedi effect) has known to transform the characteristics in various fields such as material science [11-14], microbiology [15-17], biotechnology [18,19], and agriculture [20-22]. In metals and ceramics the biofield treatment has shown the excellent results in physical, thermal, and atomic level. In addition, the biofield treatment had increased the particle size by six folds and enhanced the crystallite size by two folds in zinc powder [11]. Based on the outstanding result achieved by biofield treatment on metals and ceramics, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on at atomic, thermal and structural properties of cadmium powder.

Perspectives