Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Peptone

What is it about?

Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated BS and PP samples were characterized by particle size analyzer (PSA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PSA results showed increase in particle size (d50 and d99) of both treated BS and PP as compared to control. Surface area analysis showed minimal decrease by 1.59%, in surface area of treated BS as compared to control. However, the treated PP showed increase (8%) in surface area as compared to control. DSC characterization showed increase in melting temperature of treated BS as compared to control. Whereas, DSC thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in melting temperature with respect to control. Moreover, the DSC of control and treated PP showed presence of exothermic peaks which were possibly due to protein aggregation. The treated PP showed higher exothermic transition temperature as compared to control. XRD analysis revealed slight reduction in crystalline nature of BS as compared to control. On the other hand, XRD data of control and treated PP showed an amorphous nature. TGA analysis of treated BS showed maximum thermal decomposition temperature at 22°C which was higher as compared to control sample (106°C). This could be due to biofield treatment which may enhance the thermal stability of treated BS with respect to control. However, the TGA thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in maximum thermal stability as compared to control. The overall results showed that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of BS and PP.

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Why is it important?

Bile salts (BS) are commonly known as bio-surfactants that plays crucial physiological role in human gastro intestinal tract such as fat digestion and absorption of nutrients and also serve as a mean for removal of waste products from blood [1,2]. Briefly, BS acts as a carrier for fat soluble products due to its ability of forming micelles with phospholipids. Moreover, the BS plays an important role in nutrition by improving solubility and transport of fat soluble nutrients to the mucosa of small intestine. Based on chemical nature of BS are flat molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic faces [3]. Many literature reports provided interesting information about the self-assembly nature of BS in solution suggesting the fascinating properties of BS aggregates as compared to conventional surfactants [4-6]. Due to this micellar nature of BS, which enables solubilization and transport of lipid soluble compounds thus it helps in fat digestion. Therefore, this same biological function can be exploited for pharmaceutical application since most drugs currently in development have low water solubility [1]. Thus BS based carrier systems are promising for specific targeting and absorption of non-soluble compounds. However, it was shown that BS is a poor surface active-agent compared to other commonly used surfactants such as dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecanoate. Hence, in order to improve these properties BS should be modified in order to confer better physicochemical properties. On the other hand proteose peptone (PP) is obtained from bovine milk which is partially consist of a number of heat stable minor proteins, glycoproteins, and largely of casein derived peptides [7,8]. These are generated in human body by the action of proteinases (mainly plasmin) of all the four main casein proteins [9-11]. These protein compounds require proper modification in order to alleviate its properties which can be utilized for further applications. Scientists have demonstrated that short lived electrical events or action potential occurs in several types of mammalian cells such as neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells [12]. For example, the cells in the nervous system communicate with each another by means of electrical signals that travel along the nerve processes. Therefore, it is hypothesized that biofield exists around the human body and the evidence can be found using medical technologies such as Electromyography, Electrocardiography and electroencephalogram [13]. Thus, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving objects around the Globe. The objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way that is called biofield energy and the process is known as biofield treatment. Recently, biofield energy has shown significant effect on structural, crystalline and thermal properties of various metals, ceramics and carbon allotropes [14-17]. Mr. Mahendra K. Trivedi is known to transform the properties of various living and non-living things under controlled experiments using his unique biofield energy. Biofield treatment had substantially changed the atomic, crystalline, surface properties of various materials. The biofield had significantly changed the overall productivity and quality in the field of agriculture and biotechnology [18-21]. Additionally, biofield has shown excellent results in improving antimicrobial susceptibility, and alteration of biochemical reactions, as well as induced alterations in characteristics of pathogenic microbes [22-24]. The biofield had also caused an increase in growth and anatomical characteristics of an herb Pogostemon cablin that is commonly used in perfumes, in incense/insect repellents, and alternative medicine [25]. In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP were studied with the aid of different methods like particle size analyzer (PSA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

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