Effect of platelet-rich plasma on chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: a pilot study

What is it about?

Introduction: Chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (CMOS) is a frequent inflammatory process pertaining to the oro-maxilo-facial pathology. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a natural source of growth factors, which have the potential to stimulate and accelerate the wound healing process. The aim of this study is to observe the effects of the PRP growth factors in patients with CMOS. Methodology: Inflammatory oral mucosa was collected from five patients diagnosed with CMOS, and it was incubated with 2 mL PRP for 7 days. PRP was obtained from venous blood collection from each patient. The control samples were represented by inflammatory sinus mucosa without adding PRP. The following biomarkers were measured using cell lysate: insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), glycogen synthase kinase 3 alfa (GSK3α) performed by Multiplex technology. Results: The results revealed statistically increased levels for all four parameters in patients with CMOS versus controls (p < 0.05). Growth factors from PRP bind to receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, cellular event being correlated with cell proliferation. The radiological control of patients 10 months after PRP administration revealed a decrease in the thickness of the sinus lining up to 3 times. Conclusions: The growth factors released from platelets should be regarded as a positive effect source in the case of patients diagnosed with CMOS. These growth factors should activate the oligopotente stem cells which will finally lead to sinus mucosa regeneration. Future studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms that occur at the sinus level. Keywords: Inflammation; Platelet-rich plasma (PRP); Sinusitis; Chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (CMOS).

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