Impact of Biofield Treatment on Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Properties of p-Nitroaniline

What is it about?

Para nitroaniline (p-Nitroaniline) is an organic compound, used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals drugs, gasoline and dyes. The present study was attempted to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on p-nitroaniline. The study was performed in two groups i.e., control and treatment. The treatment group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. The control and treated samples of p-nitroaniline were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FT-IR spectral analysis result suggested the alteration in wavenumber of some groups with respect to control. For instance, the C=C and C-C stretching were observed at 1570 cm-1 and 1430 cm-1, respectively in control sample that were shifted to 1585 cm-1 and 1445 cm-1, respectively after biofield treatment. UV spectral analysis revealed the similar pattern of absorbance maxima (λmax) in both control and treated samples. HPLC data showed an alteration in the retention time of p-nitroaniline peak in treated sample (3.25 min) with respect to control (2.75 min). GC-MS results showed a significant change in the isotopic abundance (δ) of 13C and 18O in treated sample as compared to control. DSC data showed that latent heat of fusion (∆H) of treated p-nitroaniline was substantially decreased by 10.66% as compared to control. However, the melting point remained same in both control and treated sample of p-nitroaniline. Overall, results obtained from different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, and DSC suggested that biofield treatment has significant impact on spectral, physical and thermal properties of p-nitroaniline with respect to control sample.

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Why is it important?

Aromatic amines are very important in biology and chemical industry. Particularly aniline and its derivatives are being used as antioxidants, and in production of dyes and pesticides [1,2]. Additionally, the aromatic amines are also used as intermediate in the synthesis of several pharmaceutical drugs including acetaminophen, nadifloxacin, difloxacin, sarafloxacin, flumequin, cisapride, bicalutamide, brequinar, sorbinil etc. [3,4]. Some of para (p) substituted anilines have local anesthetic property, wherein amino group plays an important role in the interaction with respective receptor. p-Nitroaniline or 4-nitroaniline (C6H6N2O2) is one of the important compounds of this class [2]. It is a bright yellow powder with a faint ammonia-like odor. It is mainly used as an intermediate for the synthesis and preparation of several antioxidants, antiseptic agents, medicines for poultry and other pharmaceutical products [5]. Diazo product of this compound can be used for the production of azo dye in the textile industry. Some other chemical intermediates like p-phenylenediamine, 2-chlor-4-nitroaniline, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroanilen etc. are also prepared using p-nitroaniline as a starting material [6]. The p-nitroaniline is widely used as an intermediate in various chemical reactions; therefore, its rate of reaction or reactivity is crucial. Previously published report suggested that reaction kinetics of any chemical reaction depend on the physical and thermal properties of intermediate compounds i.e., latent heat of fusion, and vaporization temperature etc. [7,8]. Hence, it is advantageous to find out an alternate approach, which could alter the physical, thermal and spectral properties of chemical compounds. Recently, several studies have been reported on biofield treatment to alter the spectral properties of various pharmaceutical drugs like metronidazole, tinidazole, paracetamol, and piroxicam; and physical, and structural properties of various metals i.e., tin, lead etc. [9-11]. The relation between mass-energy (E = mc2) was described by Einstein [12]. Furthermore, the energy exists in various forms and there are several ways to transfer the energy from one place to another such as electromagnetic waves, electrochemical, electrical and thermal etc. Similarly, the human nervous system consists of neurons, which have the ability to transmit information and energy in the form of electrical signals [13,14]. Thus, the human has the ability of energy harness from the environment or Universe and transmit this energy into any object (living or nonliving) on the Globe. The object(s) always receive the energy and responding into useful way, this process is known as biofield treatment or healing [15]. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) considered this biofield treatment (therapy) in subcategory of energy therapies [16]. Mr. Trivedi’s unique biofield energy is also known as biofield treatment (The Trivedi Effect→). This effect is known to change the physicochemical, thermal and structural properties of metals [11,17] and ceramics [18]. Considerable changes in overall growth and yield of medicinal and agricultural plants were also reported after biofield treatment [19]. Further, biofield treatment has substantially altered the antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern, and biotype number of several pathogenic microbes [20,21]. Conceiving the impact of biofield treatment on various living and nonliving things, the study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral and physicochemical properties of p-nitroaniline. The effects were analyzed in both control and treated p-nitroaniline samples using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

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