What is it about?
Women reported higher odds of disease. This might be due to biological and social factors. Illness episodes increased with age, which may be explained by aging-related changes. More importantly, drinking water from non-improved drinking water sources such as lakes and rivers showed higher odds of diseases. We confirmed the harmful effects of wood consumption for lightning, and the risk of illness was three times higher among households with no toilets or non-improved latrines than those with modern toilets.
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Why is it important?
A quarter of deaths are due to environmental factors. We recommend increased access to improved water sources, high-level sanitation services and clean energy, and reinforced disaster preparedness, to protect the individuals and populations' health.
Perspectives
Our study confirmed and demonstrated the critical importance of social determinants of health such as access to clean water and energy and improved sanitation and hygiene to protect and sustain the health of populations and individuals.
Candide Tran Ngoc
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Sociodemographic and Environmental Factors for Ill Health in Rwanda: Results from the 2016 Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey, The Open Environmental Research Journal, August 2025, Bentham Science Publishers,
DOI: 10.2174/0125902776384488250731074845.
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