What is it about?
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, neurodegenerative conditions, and chronic kidney disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are key contributors to cellular damage through oxidative and nitrosative stress, affecting cellular processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress, its connection to various diseases, and the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in counteracting its harmful effects. Emerging therapeutic strategies, such as Nrf2 activators and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, are highlighted as promising tools for disease prevention and treatment. Understanding the interplay between oxidative stress and disease progression can pave the way for precision medicine approaches, offering more personalized and effective treatments.
Featured Image
Photo by Jan Landau on Unsplash
Why is it important?
The complexity of oxidative stress and its dual role in cellular signaling and pathology complicates the development of effective therapies. Recent advancements in targeted antioxidant therapies, such as mitochondriaspecific agents and Nrf2 activators, offer promising prospects for combating oxidative stress-related diseases. Future research should focus on identifying novel biomarkers, understanding the genetic predisposition to oxidative damage, and exploring precision medicine strategies to optimize antioxidant-based interventions. By shedding light on these mechanisms, new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues may emerge, enhancing disease prevention and patient outcomes.
Perspectives
Investigation of molecular mechanisms and studies of interactions through which oxidative stress contributes to cell damage, apoptosis and inflammation. Analysis of the role of epigenetic modifications associated with oxidative stress. Studies on the use of nanotechnology in the directed delivery of antioxidant agents. Analysis of the interaction between oxidative stress and lifestyle factors (diet, exercise). Monitoring patients to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and the progression of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments in clinical trials. Use of advanced technologies (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) to uncover new pathways involved in oxidative stress. Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to model and predict disease progression based on oxidative stress.
Dr MARIA IOANNIS TRAPALI
University of West Attica
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Molecular Insights into Oxidative Stress and Its Clinical Implications, The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal, April 2025, Bentham Science Publishers,
DOI: 10.2174/0118741045373435250415115811.
You can read the full text:
Contributors
The following have contributed to this page
