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Morphological and Morphometric Study of Scaphoid Bone in South Coastal Population

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Background: Scaphoid is boat shaped bone and is the largest bone of proximal row more prone for fractures and has utmost surgical importance. Aim and Objectives: As this bone has some interesting features this bone was taken for study to observe the variants like, the Scaphoid waist, tubercle, width of dorsal sulcus length of Dorsal Sulcus, length of scaphoid, ridge for scl, sulcus for flexor carpi radialis, waist circumference, tubercle circumference, primary height of tubercle and secondary height of the tubercle. Material and Methods: The study included one hundred dry human scaphoid bones (50 left and 50 right) which were obtained from the department of anatomy, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, India. The morphometric parameters were measured with vernier caliper of 0.02 mm accuracy; the circumference was measured by placing a thread around them and measuring its length. A magnifying lens was used to observe the number of foramina Results: The tubercle was present in all the scaphoid bones. Among the left scaphoid bones, 22 were of conical shape and 28 were pyramidal shape. Similarly 36 right scaphoid tubercles were of conical shape and 14 were of pyramidal shape. The waist was absent in 1 scaphoid of right side, rest of all the bones had waist. The dorsal sulcus was absent in 1 scaphoid of left side and 2 on the right side. The shape of scapholunate articular surface was noted as either half moon or crescentric shape. Among them, 38 scaphoids of left side had the shape of half moon and 12 were of crescentric. Similarly 36 of right side were of half moon and 14 were of crescentric. The shape and variations of the dorsal sulcus were noted. Most of the scaphoid had main (single) dorsal sulcus 63%. In contrast, 29% had two dorsal Sulci and 6% had a Y shaped sulcus. Foramina in the dorsal sulcus were counted, all the scaphoids had a minimum of one foramen in the main dorsal sulcus and 92% had more than one foramen. All scaphoids which presented with secondary sulci had a foramen in it. The ridges for the origin of scapholunate interosseous ligament were present in 41 scaphoids of left side and 40 of right side. Sulci of flexor carpi radialis were also seen and it was present in 38 scaphoids of left side and 42 of right side. Conclusion: The scaphoid fracture occurs in young healthy individuals and is the most commonly fractured bone of the wrist (50%-80% of all carpal bone injury). The complex shape of scaphoid and its orientation within the carpus makes the radiological interpretation of scaphoid anatomy difficult. The goals of reconstructive surgery for scaphoid fracture non unions include restoration of normal scaphoid length and shape by use of the contraletaral scaphoid bone as a geometric model.

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Background: Scaphoid is boat shaped bone and is the largest bone of proximal row more prone for fractures and has utmost surgical importance. Aim and Objectives: As this bone has some interesting features this bone was taken for study to observe the variants like, the Scaphoid waist, tubercle, width of dorsal sulcus length of Dorsal Sulcus, length of scaphoid, ridge for scl, sulcus for flexor carpi radialis, waist circumference, tubercle circumference, primary height of tubercle and secondary height of the tubercle. Material and Methods: The study included one hundred dry human scaphoid bones (50 left and 50 right) which were obtained from the department of anatomy, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, India. The morphometric parameters were measured with vernier caliper of 0.02 mm accuracy; the circumference was measured by placing a thread around them and measuring its length. A magnifying lens was used to observe the number of foramina Results: The tubercle was present in all the scaphoid bones. Among the left scaphoid bones, 22 were of conical shape and 28 were pyramidal shape. Similarly 36 right scaphoid tubercles were of conical shape and 14 were of pyramidal shape. The waist was absent in 1 scaphoid of right side, rest of all the bones had waist. The dorsal sulcus was absent in 1 scaphoid of left side and 2 on the right side. The shape of scapholunate articular surface was noted as either half moon or crescentric shape. Among them, 38 scaphoids of left side had the shape of half moon and 12 were of crescentric. Similarly 36 of right side were of half moon and 14 were of crescentric. The shape and variations of the dorsal sulcus were noted. Most of the scaphoid had main (single) dorsal sulcus 63%. In contrast, 29% had two dorsal Sulci and 6% had a Y shaped sulcus. Foramina in the dorsal sulcus were counted, all the scaphoids had a minimum of one foramen in the main dorsal sulcus and 92% had more than one foramen. All scaphoids which presented with secondary sulci had a foramen in it. The ridges for the origin of scapholunate interosseous ligament were present in 41 scaphoids of left side and 40 of right side. Sulci of flexor carpi radialis were also seen and it was present in 38 scaphoids of left side and 42 of right side. Conclusion: The scaphoid fracture occurs in young healthy individuals and is the most commonly fractured bone of the wrist (50%-80% of all carpal bone injury). The complex shape of scaphoid and its orientation within the carpus makes the radiological interpretation of scaphoid anatomy difficult. The goals of reconstructive surgery for scaphoid fracture non unions include restoration of normal scaphoid length and shape by use of the contraletaral scaphoid bone as a geometric model.

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This page is a summary of: Morphological and Morphometric Study of Scaphoid Bone in South Coastal Population, Indian Journal of Anatomy, January 2019, Red Flower Publication Private, Ltd.,
DOI: 10.21088/ija.2320.0022.8219.4.
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