Developmental thyroid and skeletal muscle dysfunction.

What is it about?

Ahmed, R.G., 2018. Developmental thyroid and skeletal muscle dysfunction. ARC Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology 4(1), 9-13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2455-5983.0401003 Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial for the standard development and thermogenesis, particularly the myogenesis, contractile function, bioenergetic metabolism, the activity of the Na+-K+-ATPase in skeletal myotubes, the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase, the differentiation of muscle progenitor cell, and regeneration of the skeletal muscle. It is significant to notice that during the normal development of the skeletal muscle, the dynamic changes in the activities of THs can change the fiber type profile and the muscle propriety as well. In addition, the regular effect of hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPTA) on the homeostasis of the skeletal muscle depending on the thyroid receptors (TRs; α and β), thyroid transporters [monocarboxylate transporters (MCT8 and MCT10)] and thyroid metabolism enzymes (deiodinases; D2, D3). On the other hand, the disorders in thyroid function can cause the following: (1) reduce the metabolism and glucose level; (2) disrupt the activities of Ds (DIO2 activity and DIO3 mRNA); (3) diaphragm muscle dysfunction; (4) loss of muscle strength; (5) muscle fatigue; (6) diminish the mitochondrial content in both legs; (7) perturb the energy production in the respiratory muscle; (8) change the nature of myosin in fast muscle; and (9) muscle weakness and hypoplasia.

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Why is it important?

The disorders in the thyroid activity, TRs, Ds or MCTs may impact the myogenesis, the relaxation–contraction rates, metabolism and regeneration of the skeletal muscle.

Perspectives