Long‑term complications after Tetralogy of Fallot repair

Adult patient after correction of tetralogy of Fallot with a single branch of the pulmonary artery

Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare congenital cardiac diseases occurring in one of every 35,0000-30,000 live births. This malformation consists of ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, override of the ventricular septum by the aortic root, and in consequence right ventricular hypertrophy. It is the most common cyanotic heart defect. Abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries following palliative or corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are common. There are only a few written cases of Tetralogy of Fallot with absence of pulmonary branch. Approximately 15% of patients with ToF have a deletion of chromosome 22q11.