Previously unrecognized pathways to the environment and routes to human exposure for pharmaceuticals

What is it about?

Presents previously unrecognized pathways to the environment and routes to human exposure for certain pharmaceuticals. Bathing, sweat, and dermal transfer are identified for the first time as routes of release and exposure for the environment and humans. The concept of pharmEcokinetics is presented - to interconnect all of the transformation processes that pharmaceutical ingredients undergo during therapy and in the environment.

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Why is it important?

Unintentional exposure to drug residues for humans via inter-dermal exposure and direct contact is possibly more important than exposure to trace residues recycled from the environment in drinking water or foods. Exposure of children, toddlers, and infants to certain transdermal drugs can have fatal outcomes.