Molecular Genetics in Breast Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Tumor Biology

What is it about?

Breast cancer is one of the common cancers among the women in which many factors are involved including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, different signaling pathways, epigenetic and environmental factors such as inflammation, immune system deficiency, genomic instability as well as Warburg effect that play an important role in the development and spread of cancer as well as cellular metabolism that intensifies the process. There are some evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, invasion, maintenance, heterogeneity, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. CSCs may be an important target for an effective treatment due to the fact that these cells are responsible for metastasis and resistance to treatment. Learning these various factors, we can take a great step towards better understanding of this type of cancer and help further to treatment of the disease so that, cancer cells become not resistant to chemotherapy and we can take the best possible outcome of our treatment, although breast cancer is very heterogeneous and is associated with many cases such as cell morphology, cell physiology, cell gene expression, metabolism, etc.

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Why is it important?

In this study, we explain the various factors involved in breast cancer; although, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which many factors are involved but certainly, being mastered in any above-mentioned factors can help us in the future individual treatment .