Anisotropy and Hysteresis for 4D seismic modeling

What is it about?

This paper is about interesting results from core velocity measurements conducted for 4D seismic feasibility study: 1. The stress sensitivity of velocity varies depending on the propagation direction 2. Velocities measured during loading have a significantly larger stress sensitivity than those measured during unloading 3. Horizontal effective stress has a noticeable impact on velocity anisotropy To account for the bullet points 1 and 3, an anisotropic seismic forward modeling was performed. Regarding the bullet point 2, it can be explained by friction between grains.

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Why is it important?

The observations indicates the importance of considering: 1. The direction of core velocity measurement 2. The nature of the stress change (depletion or injection) of a particular field 3. In-situ stress conditions and expected triaxial stress change