What is it about?
In the face of scarcity, nurses may inevitably delay or omit some nursing interventions and give priority to others. This increases the risk of adverse patient outcomes and threatens safety, quality, and dignity in care. However, it is not clear if there is an ethical element in nursing care rationing and how nurses experience the phenomenon in its ethical perspective. Objectives: The purpose was to synthesize studies that relate care rationing with the ethical perspectives of nursing, and find the deeper, moral meaning of this phenomenon. Primary studies were sought from nine electronic databases and manual searches. Nine studies involving 167 nurse participants were included. Synthesis resulted in 35 preliminary themes, 14 descriptive themes, and four analytical themes (professional challenges and moral dilemmas, dominating considerations, perception of a moral role, and experiences of the ethical effects of rationing). Discussion of relationships between themes revealed a new thematic framework. Further research on ethical dimension of care rationing may illuminate other important aspects of this phenomenon.
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Why is it important?
This thematic synthesis of qualitative studies found that there is an ethical dimension of the phenomenon of nursing care rationing and that is not merely a mutter of organisational or financial constraints. Within limitations of scarcity, nurses face moral challenges and their decisions may jeopardize professional values, leading to role conflict, feelings of guilt, distress and difficulty in fulfilling a morally acceptable role.Related literature is limited. The few studies found highlighted the essence of justice, equality in care and in values when prioritizing care—with little support to the ethical effects of rationing on nurses. However, more research is needed to support certain relationships.
Perspectives
Αs this thematic synthesis found it seems that there is an ethical element in nursing care rationing as can be inferred from three of the analytic themes generated. However, further research is needed for this evidence, as well as, to examine relationships between these themes. Nevertheless, it seems that nursing care rationing is not merely an organizational and economical issue as it requires ethical judgments that potentially conflict with personal and professional values and the ethical context of the profession. Moreover, the perception of nurses of their own role, within the context of rationing, may additionally affect the phenomenon of nursing care rationing.
STAVROS VRYONIDES
Cyprus University of Technology
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This page is a summary of: The ethical dimension of nursing care rationing, Nursing Ethics, November 2014, SAGE Publications,
DOI: 10.1177/0969733014551377.
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