Shadow Learning: Building Robotic Surgical Skill When Approved Means Fail

What is it about?

We've studied learning as a process that unfolds in the light of day. Using robotic and traditional surgery as an empirical case, I show here that when approved means of learning are insufficient, aspiring members of a community of practice will find a way to competence through "shadow learning" - practices that bend or break the norms and policies that their community holds dear.

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