Connections between the monthly internal variability and the ISO in the Indo-northwestern Pacific

What is it about?

We find a relationship between the atmospheric internal mode and the ISO. The ISO is contributed to more than 40% of total low-level wind variance over the warm pool region, especially in the confluence zone between the monsoonal westerlies and easterly trade winds. The rainfall and circulation pattern in summer 2016 affected by the SST-forced and internal variability over the Indo-western Pacific region are also discussed.

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Why is it important?

We highlight that the ISO can affect the interannual variability, which might improve the subseasonal to seasonal prediction skill. Furthermore, the monthly internal mode resembles the SST-forced mode, which suggests the interannual mode with different sources.