Experimental Investigation on Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of 2-Chlorobenzonitrile: Impact of Biofield Treatment

What is it about?

2-chlorobenzonitrile (2-ClBN) is widely used in the manufacturing of azo dyes, pharmaceuticals, and as intermediate in various chemical reactions. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of 2-ClBN. 2-ClBN sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently, the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyser, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD result showed a decrease in crystallite size in treated samples i.e. 4.88% in 2-ClBN along with the increase in peak intensity as compared to control. However, surface area analysis showed a decrease in surface area of 64.53% in treated 2-ClBN sample as compared to the control. Furthermore, DSC analysis results showed a significant increase in the latent heat of fusion (28.74%) and a slight increase in melting temperature (2.05%) in treated sample as compared to the control. Moreover, TGA/DTG studies showed that the control and treated 2-ClBN samples lost 61.05% and 46.15% of their weight, respectively. The FT-IR spectra did not show any significant change in treated 2-ClBN sample as compared to control. However, UV-Vis spectra showed an increase in the intensity of peak as compared to control sample. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of 2-ClBN, which could make them more useful as a chemical intermediate.

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Why is it important?

Benzonitrile is a colourless aromatic organic compound, had a sweet almond odour and derived from the reaction of benzoic acid with lead thiocyanate by heating [1]. They are widely used as an indispensable part in the production of dyes, rubber chemicals, pharmaceuticals, herbicides and natural products. They are present as important substructures in various biologically active agents like bicalutamide, fluvoxamine, fadrozole, etc. [2]. Benzonitriles and its derivatives are also used in manufacturing lacquers, polymers and anhydrous metallic salts [3]. Halogenated benzonitriles are known to be used as intermediate in the synthesis of inhibitors of enzymes related to Chagas, Alzheimer and Parkinson disease [4-6] as well as inhibitors used in HIV and cancer treatment [7, 8]. 2-Chlorobenzonitrile (2-ClBN) is a halogenated benzonitrile derivative that is mainly used as an intermediate in the production of azo dyes by synthesizing dye intermediates like 2-cyano-4-nitroaniline. It is also used in palladium catalysed direct arylation of heteroaromatics, e.g., 3-aminopicolinic acid and synthesis of antimalarial drug quetiapine nitrate [9]. 2-ClBN and its substituted derivatives e.g. 2,3-dichloro-6-nitrobenzonitrile also have potential anti-inflammatory properties [10]. Stability profile of any chemical compound is the most desired quality that determines its shelf life and purity to be used as intermediate. The stability can be correlated to physical, thermal or structural and bonding properties of compound [11]. Currently, the stability of chemical compounds in pharmaceutical industries can be affected due to altering temperature and pH conditions [12]. Thus, it is important to search some alternate strategies, which could improve the stability of chemical compounds by altering their physical, thermal or structural and bonding properties. It is already demonstrated that electrical current exists inside the human body in the form of vibratory energy particles like ions, protons, and electrons, and they generate a magnetic field in the human body [13, 14]. This electromagnetic field of the human body is known as biofield and energy associated with this field is known as biofield energy [15, 16]. It generates through internal physiological processes like blood flow, brain activity and heart function, and function for regulation and communication within the organism [17]. Currently, many biofield treatments are in practice for their possible therapeutic potentials such as enhanced personal well-being and improved functional quality of life [18-20]. The living organisms are also able to exchange this energy from the environment for their health maintenance. Thus, a human can harness the energy from the environment or universe and can transmit the energy to any living or non-living object around this Universe. The object(s) always receive the energy and respond to useful way via biofield energy. This process is termed as biofield treatment. Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) is well known and significantly studied in different fields such as microbiology [21-23], agriculture [24-26], and biotechnology [27, 28]. Recently, it was reported that biofield treatment changes the atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics as well as spectroscopic characters of different materials. Along with that, alteration in physical, thermal and chemical properties was also reported in materials like antimony, bismuth and ceramic oxide [29-31]. Hence, based on the results obtained after biofield treatment on different materials and considering the pharmaceutical applications of 2-ClBN, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopic characteristics of 2-ClBN.

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