What is it about?
In this article, we bridge the differences between the two most prevalent communication paradigms for measurement-based delegated quantum computing, called prepare-and-send and receive-and-measure. In the former, the clients prepare single-qubit states and send them to the server, who entangles these states to build up a resource state in MBQC; in the latter, the server sends already entangled qubit registers, which the client measures. Both paradigms have their seemingly exclusive techniques for verification, such as stabilizer testing in receive-and-measure or trap-based verification in prepare-and-send, or multi-client delegated quantum computing. We first disprove this exclusivity by translating these techniques to the other respective paradigm.
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Why is it important?
From a theoretical perspective, our work provides guidance for developing protocols in a paradigm‑agnostic fashion. The possibility to choose the paradigm more freely is relevant for experimental implementations, since the hardware constraints of the clients differ significantly across the two communication paradigms.
Perspectives
If quantum computers ever exist, delegated quantum computing (DQC) is the only way to provide access to most people and organizations that does not require full trust in the big players in the field. I find it interesting that modern DQC research mostly occurs in one of two variations, either prepare-and-send or receive-and-measure, and that these two lines of research have long remained rather separate. Bringing them closer together had been fun and will hopefully help a bit with implementing delegated quantum computing a bit earlier.
Fabian Wiesner
Technische Universitat Berlin
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Unifying communication paradigms in measurement-based delegated quantum computing, ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing, March 2026, ACM (Association for Computing Machinery),
DOI: 10.1145/3800578.
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