Chronic pain management a fundamental human right: adaptation and examination of psychometric properties of pain anxiety symptoms scale among osteoporosis sample from Pakistan

What is it about?

The present study is comprised of two stages as in the first stage the scale was translated into Urdu language for the purpose of adaptation of Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS) to Pakistani cultural context. Whereas in the next step the adapted instrument was checked for factorial structure as the original scale had four sub scales and consisted of a total of 20 items. However, in the present study the achieved factorial structure consisted of 19 items and 3 sub scales as suggested by exploratory factor analysis.

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