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This page is a summary of: Towards Internationally standardised humoral Immune Correlates of Protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, May 2021, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,
DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.21.21257572.
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Researchers in the UK and Germany have identified a range of assays and biomarkers of humoral (antibody) immunity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be used to define correlates of protection in future studies. Wherever suitable, antibody-based parameters were expressed in International Units (IU) and Binding Antibody Units (BAU).
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020, owing to the rapid worldwide spread of its causative virus: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is a positive-sense RNA virus that causes mild to critical infection. Several COVID-19 vaccines have received emergency authorization by national regulatory authorities in different parts of the world and, subsequently, vaccination programs have been initiated in many countries. Owing to the lack of Correlate of Protection (CoP) to COVID-19, the efficacy of these vaccines has been evaluated based on placebo-controlled clinical trials, which involved a large number of candidates who were naturally exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Although this approach turned out to be successful, it proved to be logistically demanding and very expensive. Scientists have reported that the SARS-CoV-2 variants are more infectious and have the potential to evade the immune response of the host. Hence, for the regulatory bodies and vaccine manufacturing companies, determining the efficiency of the approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants has become essential.
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