What is it about?
This paper explains the problems of using symptoms and signs for a diagnosis of heart failure. Symptoms and signs are late manifestations of disease. Heart failure is often not diagnosed until the patient requires hospitalisation, by which time the best opportunity to intervene may already have been missed (think about trials such as HYVET)
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Why is it important?
The new Universal Definition of heart failure will improve the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis.
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This page is a summary of: The struggle towards a Universal Definition of Heart Failure—how to proceed?, European Heart Journal, April 2021, Oxford University Press (OUP),
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab082.
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