How Growth, Innovation, and Team Factors Shape Entrepreneurs’ International Commitment

What is it about?

This exploratory study investigates why some entrepreneurial firms develop stronger international commitment—the determination to enter foreign markets—and what shapes their choice between high- and low-risk entry modes. It compares nascent firms, still in formation, with established ones already operating. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior and new venture internationalization theory, the study examines how firm orientations and individual factors drive international engagement across venture stages. Using data from Belgium and the Netherlands, the study shows that among nascent firms, growth orientation and innovation are positively linked to plans for internationalization, signaling stronger commitment to foreign markets. However, these firms show no clear predictors of high- or low-risk entry modes. For existing firms, growth orientation and larger teams increase internationalization likelihood. Those pursuing high-risk modes, such as subsidiaries or joint ventures, often have growth-driven founders who are older, more educated, and male. These results reveal that international commitment develops differently across the firm life cycle. Nascent firms’ commitment is primarily shaped by innovation and growth ambitions, while in established firms, team structure and entrepreneur experience become more decisive for how deeply they engage abroad. The findings suggest that building international intent early and expanding team capacity later are both vital for sustained global participation.

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Photo by Murewa Saibu on Unsplash

Photo by Murewa Saibu on Unsplash

Why is it important?

This research is unique in distinguishing the factors that drive international commitment among nascent versus existing entrepreneurial firms. By integrating the theory of planned behavior with the new venture theory of internationalization, it clarifies how growth orientation, innovation, and team dynamics underpin both the decision to internationalize and the willingness to assume higher entry risk. The study advances understanding of how international engagement evolves as ventures mature, emphasizing the psychological and structural enablers of cross-border expansion. The study is particularly timely as entrepreneurs around the world increasingly face global opportunities from the earliest stages of firm creation. Conducted in Belgium and the Netherlands, it offers actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and investors aiming to strengthen international entrepreneurship. Encouraging innovative, growth-oriented mindsets in start-ups and supporting leadership and team development in established firms can help transform early intent into lasting international commitment.