What is it about?

We analyze the characteristics of protagonists and antagonists in Victorian novels and then offer a case study of protagonists and antagonists in the novels of Jane Austen. The characteristics include personality factors, preferences in mates, motives. We also correlate those characteristics with the emotional responses of readers. The characteristics are measured on Likert scales.

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Why is it important?

The characteristics we measure are abstracted from a model of human nature that includes basic motives, mating strategies, gender differences, and personality characteristics. The idea of protagonists and antagonists is drawn from literary theory and incorporated into the model of human nature. We demonstrate the evolved emotional biases that influence the organization of fictional characteristics. We explain the biases by invoking ideas about evolved human dispositions for forming cooperative social groups.

Perspectives

It's the first study to deploy a model of human nature as a quantifiable set of categories for an analysis of a big body of important fiction. It demonstrates that this sort of thing can be done and that significant conclusions can be derived from it.

Joseph Carroll

Fictional characters in novels are created by the psychological processes of real human authors, and these characters produce psychological reactions in real human readers. Therefore, the analysis of fiction writing and consumption can reveal much about human nature. Although various psychological analyses of literature have been around for a long time, many of these analyses have been limited by the personal and subjective opinions of the investigator or by the investigator's attachments to out-of-date frameworks such as Freudian theory. Most prior analyses also lack strong quantitative methods. Because we couch our study in an objective evolutionary framework and employ sound psychometric methods, we believe our study makes a unique contribution to understanding human nature through literature.

John A. Johnson
Pennsylvania State University

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This page is a summary of: Graphing Jane Austen, Scientific Study of Literature, August 2012, International Society for the Empirical Study of Literature,
DOI: 10.1075/ssol.2.1.01car.
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