What is it about?
Earth system models fail to accurately represent biological nitrogen fixation and its carbon costs, underestimating nitrogen fixation in agricultural regions and overestimating nitrogen fixation in natural high productivity settings such as forests and grasslands. Our study suggests that the result of these inaccurate representations is an overestimation of CO2 fertilization effects of around 11% in Earth system models.
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This page is a summary of: Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO
2
fertilization effect in Earth system models, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, November 2025, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2514628122.
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