Lagrangian coherent structures around a bridge pier with scour hole

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Over the years, researchers have developed several equations to estimate the maximum scour depth. During the development of these equations, most of the researchers considered different parameters influencing the scour depth, such as flow velocity, sediment parameters, and pier dimensions, to better predict the maximum scour depth. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the force exerted by the downflow on the sediment bed has not been considered in those equations. Since it significantly influences the scour depth, the present study focuses on estimating the force exerted by the downflow on the bed using a new Lagrangian method called Lagrangian coherent structures

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