Real-time imaging of cyclotron waves in plasma

What is it about?

Cyclotron waves occur under a magnetic field as effective conduits for transporting particles and energy, whereas hybrid modes combined plasma frequency and electron gyrofrequency emerging in high-density systems and at high temperatures become acute in strongly confined miniaturized plasma sources. Despite extensive studies, the excitation process of the upper hybrid waves and the temporal evolution of the wave dynamics are not adequately understood. Here, we directly image the generation and evolution of plasma waves associated with cyclotron motion under magnetic field by ultrafast electron microscopy .

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