What is it about?
Our research focuses on understanding how rivers and aquifers interact in Brazil—an essential but underexplored dynamic with significant implications for both the economy and the environment. While some rivers gain flow from groundwater (known as gaining rivers), others lose water to the subsurface (losing rivers). Surprisingly, Brazil has yet to conduct a nationwide study to identify these flow patterns. To address this, we collaborated with the Geological Survey of Brazil to analyze data from nearly 350,000 wells. By comparing groundwater levels to nearby river water levels, we discovered that about 55% of these wells indicate losing rivers, meaning water may seep from the riverbed into the aquifer. In regions like the São Francisco River Basin, this figure can exceed 60%, underscoring a vital hydrological challenge.
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Why is it important?
These findings are pivotal for shaping water policies and managing resources sustainably, given the importance of the river-aquifer interactions in sustaining ecosystems, supporting water demands for cities and agriculture, and contributing to energy production and cultural activities. For example, the São Francisco River Basin supports extensive agricultural activities and energy production. Recognizing losing rivers emphasizes the urgency of addressing water scarcity and optimizing resource use.
Perspectives
Our study challenges the long-held belief that rivers in humid regions of Brazil are primarily gaining. It underscores the need to rethink water management, integrating river-aquifer interactions into policy frameworks. By acknowledging the interconnected nature of surface and groundwater systems, Brazil can ensure sustainable water use and protect ecosystems. This research paves the way for future studies and more informed, adaptive water management strategies nationwide.
José Gescilam Sousa Mota Uchôa
Universidade de Sao Paulo Campus de Sao Carlos
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Widespread potential for streamflow leakage across Brazil, Nature Communications, November 2024, Springer Science + Business Media,
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54370-3.
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