What is it about?
Men, influenced by societal norms of "masculinity," often find it challenging to seek help when facing psychological crises related to depression. They may struggle to communicate or report internalizing form of depressive symptoms (IFDS), such as feelings of sadness, helplessness, and loss of interest. As a result, the presentation of depressive symptoms in men may differ from the commonly recognized IFDS. When men experience depression, they are more likely to exhibit externalizing internalizing form of depressive symptoms (EFDS) involving emotional suppression, angry, engaging in high-risk behaviors, and alcohol or substance use. It is becoming evident that male depression is not solely linked to everyday life stress and adaptation issues. Research conducted by Sung-Hsien Sun, Sung-Chun Tsai, and Ming-Fang Tsai suggest that the underlying causes of adult male depression may be connected to enduring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and, in some cases, a complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). These findings emphasize the importance of not underestimating the psychological health crisis that underlies male depression.
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Why is it important?
We have started to notice that the causes of EFDS in men may differ from IFDS. We believe that EFDS in men may be more closely related to ACEs and could be an extension of CPTSD resulting from ACEs. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to compare the differences in IFDS and EFDS among adult male populations and their ACEs and complex trauma. This study suggests that, influenced by traditional masculine norms, when men exhibit EFDS during a mental health crisis, these symptoms are more likely to be an extension of childhood trauma.
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This page is a summary of: Beyond tears: The predictive role of adverse childhood experiences and complex trauma in male depression within the Chinese cultural context., Psychology of Men & Masculinity, December 2023, American Psychological Association (APA),
DOI: 10.1037/men0000459.
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