What is it about?

This meta-analytic research supports concerns about the efficacy of Miranda warnings in protecting criminal suspects, especially innocent ones, those under the age of 18 years, and those without an arrest history. Results suggest that waiving Miranda increases the risk of confession, and that actual suspects waive these rights about 83% of the time.

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Why is it important?

In recent decades, the wrongful conviction of thousands of innocent defendants has come to light. This research elucidates the need for interrogation reform.

Perspectives

While this research illuminates the harrowing reality that our criminal legal system is imperfect, I am grateful to be able to make a contribution that could lead to its improvement.

Patricia Ferreira
Iowa State University

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This page is a summary of: The Miranda waiver literature: A systematic review and meta-analysis., Psychology Public Policy and Law, July 2025, American Psychological Association (APA),
DOI: 10.1037/law0000466.
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