Connectivity of two brain regions when learning a new grammar

What is it about?

The present study investigated interactions of two brain regions during a grammar learning task using an artificial language. Contrary to previously reported interactions, parallel (but separate) contributions were found of both the hippocampus and Broca’s area, each with their own interactions. The connectivity patterns of the left and right hippocampi were found to be a strong predictor of how well participants performed on the task. The connectivity pattern of Broca's area demonstrated the importance of activity of left frontal brain areas around the language processing region for successful grammar learning. There was an increased connectivity over time of Broca’s area, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the right temporo-parietal areas. This demonstrates how important the use of several modes and attentional processes support learning a new grammar. Moreover, it shows the involvement of the right hemisphere in the initial stages of second language learning.

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Why is it important?

No study has looked into the possible interactions between hippocampal and frontal structures during a grammar learning task by investigating connectivity patterns. This study extends previous research by showing an obligatory neural mechanism that occurs when learning a new grammar. Moreover, investigating neural aspects of the process of learning a new grammar could help in understanding different learning paths, and provide insights enabling proper training methodologies.