Impacts of distributed photovoltaics on network voltages: Stochastic simulations of three Swedish low-voltage distribution grids

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Both photovoltaic generation and domestic electricity demand exhibit characteristic variations on short and long time scales and are to a large extent negatively correlated, especially at high latitudes. This paper presents a stochastic methodology for simulation of PV-DG impacts on low-voltage (LV) distribution grids, using detailed generation and demand models. All studied LV grids can handle significant amounts of PV-DG, up to the highest studied level of 5 kWp PV per household. However, the benefits of PV-DG in terms of relative improvement of on-site reduction of demand, mitigated voltage drops and reduced losses were most significant at a penetration level of 1 kWp PV per household.

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