What is it about?
Wells are excavations into the Earth for developing groundwater, oil, brine, gas, and engineering geology operations (Driscoll 1986; Hunt 2005). Water wells are dug, driven, bored, or drilled into the saturated zone of water-bearing formations (aquifers) to extract groundwater for drinking and irrigation (Barrocu 2014; Campbell and Lehr 1973).
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Why is it important?
Shallow water wells are excavated into loose and soft rocks by hand, or mechanically, mainly in unconfined aquifers. They are rarely deeper than 50–60 m, normally with a circular section of 1–3.5 m in diameter. Their walls are supported by masonry or a precast concrete ring lining to prevent collapsing. The lining often extends above the ground to prevent people from falling into the well and to reduce contamination. In dug wells, if the water table becomes lower due to abstraction the well can be deepened or new wells can be dug (Fig. 1). In the ancient past, water was brought to the surface by buckets lowered into the well with a...
Perspectives
Writing this article was a great pleasure as it has co-authors with whom I have had long standing collaborations. This article also lead to rare disease groups contacting me and ultimately to a greater involvement in rare disease research.
Dr. Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari
American University in Dubai
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This page is a summary of: Wells, January 2018, Springer Science + Business Media,
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_297-1.
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