All Stories

  1. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Airborne laser-guided imaging spectroscopy to map forest trait diversity and guide conservation.

    Article • March 2017, Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  2. The changing role of fire in mediating the relationships among oaks, grasslands, mesic temperate forests, and boreal forests in the Lake States

    Article • Journal of Sustainable Forestry, February 2017, Taylor & Francis

    Lee E Frelich

  3. Hemiboreal forest: natural disturbances and the importance of ecosystem legacies to management

    Article • Ecosphere, February 2017, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich, Dr. Ahto Kangur, Dr John A Stanturf, Kajar Koster, Visiting Professor John Stanturf

  4. Earthworm invasion impacts biodiversity

    Article • Global Change Biology, September 2016, Wiley

    Dr Dylan J Craven, Lee E Frelich

  5. Forest dynamics

    Article • F1000Research, February 2016, Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  6. Temperature and leaf nitrogen affect performance of plant species at range overlap

    Article • Ecosphere, October 2015, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  7. Impact of wind-induced microsites and disturbance severity on tree regeneration patterns: Results from the first post-storm decade

    Article • Forest Ecology and Management, July 2015, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  8. Fire in upper Midwestern oak forest ecosystems: an oak forest restoration and management handbook

    Article • January 2015, USDA Forest Service

    Lee E Frelich

  9. Invasive earthworms interact with abiotic conditions to influence the invasion of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)

    Article • Oecologia, December 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  10. Earthworm invasion alters enchytraeid community composition and individual biomass in northern hardwood forests of North America

    Article • Applied Soil Ecology, November 2014, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  11. How to Become a Forest Ecologist In Only 40 Years

    Article • The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, July 2014, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  12. Resident plant diversity and introduced earthworms have contrasting effects on the success of invasive plants

    Article • Biological Invasions, February 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  13. Temperate tree expansion into adjacent boreal forest patches facilitated by warmer temperatures

    Article • Ecography, July 2013, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  14. Earthworm Invasions in Northern Hardwood Forests: a Rapid Assessment Method

    Article • Natural Areas Journal, January 2013, Natural Areas Journal

    Lee E Frelich

  15. Do vegetation boundaries display smooth or abrupt spatial transitions along environmental gradients? Evidence from the prairie–forest biome boundary of historic Minnesota, USA

    Article • Journal of Vegetation Science, December 2012, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  16. Linking direct and indirect pathways mediating earthworms, deer, and understory composition in Great Lakes forests

    Article • Biological Invasions, December 2012, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  17. Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate–boreal forests

    Article • Landscape Ecology, November 2012, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  18. Food webs above and below ground influnce how forests respond to climate change

    Article • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, September 2012, Royal Society Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  19. Sapling growth responses to warmer temperatures ‘cooled’ by browse pressure

    Article • Global Change Biology, August 2012, Wiley

    Dr Nicholas A Fisichelli, Lee E Frelich

  20. Leaf Litter Disappearance in Earthworm-Invaded Northern Hardwood Forests: Role of Tree Species and the Chemistry and Diversity of Litter

    Article • Ecosystems, May 2012, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  21. Interactive effects of global warming and ‘global worming’ on the initial establishment of native and exotic herbaceous plant species

    Article • Oikos, November 2011, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  22. Understorey diversity in southern boreal forests is regulated by productivity and its indirect impacts on resource availability and heterogeneity

    Article • Journal of Ecology, November 2011, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  23. The wave towards a new steady state: effects of earthworm invasion on soil microbial functions

    Article • Biological Invasions, July 2011, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  24. Fine-scale heterogeneity in overstory composition contributes to heterogeneity of wildfire severity in southern boreal forest

    Article • Journal of Forest Research, June 2011, Taylor & Francis

    Lee E Frelich

  25. Poor recruitment is changing the structure and species composition of an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest

    Article • Forest Ecology and Management, June 2011, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  26. Flowering phenology and height growth pattern are associated with maximum plant height, relative growth rate and stem tissue mass density in herbaceous grassland species

    Article • Journal of Ecology, March 2011, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  27. Experimental warming induces degradation of a Tibetan alpine meadow through trophic interactions

    Article • Journal of Applied Ecology, February 2011, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  28. Vegetation controls vary across space and spatial scale in a historic grassland-forest biome boundary

    Article • Ecography, December 2010, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  29. Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie–forest border of central North America?

    Article • Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, September 2010, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  30. European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as components of an extensive invasional meltdown in North America

    Article • Biological Invasions, March 2010, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  31. Detecting wind disturbance severity and canopy heterogeneity in boreal forest by coupling high-spatial resolution satellite imagery and field data

    Article • Remote Sensing of Environment, February 2010, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  32. Patterns of plant community structure within and among primary and second-growth northern hardwood forest stands

    Article • Forest Ecology and Management, November 2009, Elsevier

    Dr Julia I. Burton, Lee E Frelich

  33. Regional climate change adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation in a midcontinental region of North America

    Article • Biological Conservation, October 2009, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  34. Wilderness Conservation in an Era of Global Warming and Invasive Species: A Case Study from Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness

    Article • Natural Areas Journal, October 2009, Natural Areas Journal

    Lee E Frelich

  35. Conservation Biology The Vanishing Present: Wisconsin's Changing Lands, Water, and Wildlife . Edited by DonaldM.Waller and ThomasP.Rooney. Chicago (Illinois): University of Chicago Press. $40.00. xiv 507 p. 16 pl.; ill.; index. 9780226871714. 2008.

    Article • The Quarterly Review of Biology, September 2009, University of Chicago Press

    Lee E Frelich

  36. Tree rings detect earthworm invasions and their effects in northern Hardwood forests

    Article • Biological Invasions, July 2009, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  37. Litter decomposition in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: Role of invasion degree and litter chemistry

    Article • Ecoscience, December 2008, Taylor & Francis

    Lee E Frelich

  38. Site factors affecting black ash ring growth in northern Minnesota

    Article • Forest Ecology and Management, May 2008, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  39. MOSS HARVEST TRUNCATES THE SUCCESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF EPIPHYTIC BRYOPHYTES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

    Article • Ecological Applications, January 2008, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  40. Exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, nutrient availability and native plants: a mesocosm study

    Article • Oecologia, December 2007, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  41. Wind-throw mortality in the southern boreal forest: effects of species, diameter and stand age

    Article • Journal of Ecology, November 2007, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  42. REGIONAL EXTENT OF AN ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER: EARTHWORM INVASION IN NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS

    Article • Ecological Applications, September 2007, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  43. Effects of Earthworm Invasion on Plant Species Richness in Northern Hardwood Forests

    Article • Conservation Biology, August 2007, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  44. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests

    Article • Biological Invasions, July 2006, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  45. CHANGES IN HARDWOOD FOREST UNDERSTORY PLANT COMMUNITIES IN RESPONSE TO EUROPEAN EARTHWORM INVASIONS

    Article • Ecology, July 2006, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  46. Effects of European Earthworm Invasion on Soil Characteristics in Northern Hardwood Forests of Minnesota, USA

    Article • Ecosystems, November 2005, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  47. PATHWAYS IN OLD-FIELD SUCCESSION TO WHITE PINE: SEED RAIN, SHADE, AND CLIMATE EFFECTS

    Article • Ecological Monographs, August 2005, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  48. EXOTIC EUROPEAN EARTHWORM INVASION DYNAMICS IN NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS OF MINNESOTA, USA

    Article • Ecological Applications, June 2005, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  49. Examining the effects of alternative management strategies on landscape-scale forest patterns in northeastern Minnesota using LANDIS

    Article • Ecological Modelling, December 2004, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  50. Logging versus fire: how does disturbance type influence the abundance of Pinus strobus regeneration?

    Article • Silva Fennica, January 2004, Finnish Society of Forest Science

    Lee E Frelich

  51. Allometric Equations for Estimation of Ash-free Dry Mass from Length Measurements for Selected European Earthworm Species (Lumbricidae) in the Western Great Lakes Region

    Article • The American Midland Naturalist, January 2004, University of Notre Dame

    Lee E Frelich

  52. Seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation, and soil resources spatially structure white pine regeneration and recruitment

    Article • Canadian Journal of Forest Research, October 2003, Canadian Science Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  53. Perspectives on development of definitions and values related to old-growth forests

    Article • Environmental Reviews, September 2003, Canadian Science Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  54. Fine-scale environmental variation and structure of understorey plant communities in two old-growth pine forests

    Article • Journal of Ecology, April 2003, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  55. Forest Dynamics and Disturbance Regimes

    Article • January 2002, Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  56. Comparing the Importance of Seedbed and Canopy Type in the Restoration of Upland Thuja occidentalis Forests of Northeastern Minnesota

    Article • Restoration Ecology, December 2001, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  57. Influence of Logging, Fire, and Forest Type on Biodiversity and Productivity in Southern Boreal Forests

    Article • Ecology, October 2001, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  58. INFLUENCE OF LOGGING, FIRE, AND FOREST TYPE ON BIODIVERSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTHERN BOREAL FORESTS

    Article • Ecology, October 2001, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  59. Multiple scale composition and spatial distribution patterns of the north-eastern Minnesota presettlement forest

    Article • Journal of Ecology, August 2001, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  60. Discordance in spatial patterns of white pine (Pinus strobus) size-classes in a patchy near-boreal forest

    Article • Journal of Ecology, April 2001, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  61. Seedbed and Moisture Availability Determine Safe Sites for Early Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) Regeneration

    Article • American Journal of Botany, December 2000, Botanical Society of America

    Lee E Frelich

  62. Conservation implications of browsing by Odocoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests

    Article • Biological Conservation, May 2000, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  63. Minireviews: Neighborhood Effects, Disturbance Severity, and Community Stability in Forests

    Article • Ecosystems, March 1999, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  64. Are Large, Infrequent Disturbances Qualitatively Different from Small, Frequent Disturbances?

    Article • Ecosystems, November 1998, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  65. Evidence for Two Alternate Stable States in an Ungulate Grazing System

    Article • Ecological Applications, November 1998, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  66. EVIDENCE FOR TWO ALTERNATE STABLE STATES IN AN UNGULATE GRAZING SYSTEM

    Article • Ecological Applications, November 1998, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  67. Effects of White-Tailed Deer on Populations of an Understory Forb in Fragmented Deciduous Forests

    Article • Conservation Biology, October 1998, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  68. Disturbance Severity and Threshold Responses in the Boreal Forest

    Article • Conservation Ecology, January 1998, Resilience Alliance, Inc.

    Lee E Frelich

  69. Neighbourhood effects in forests: implications for within-stand patch structure

    Article • Journal of Ecology, January 1998, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  70. Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests

    Article • Biological Conservation, June 1997, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  71. A Structural Alternative to Chronosequence Analysis for Uneven-Aged Northern Hardwood Forests

    Article • Journal of Sustainable Forestry, May 1997, Taylor & Francis

    Lee E Frelich

  72. Spatial Patterns and Succession in a Minnesota Southern-Boreal Forest

    Article • Ecological Monographs, February 1995, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  73. Neighborhood effects, disturbance, and succession in forests of the western Great Lakes Region1

    Article • Ecoscience, January 1995, Taylor & Francis

    Lee E Frelich

  74. Age-class distribution and spatial patterns in an old-growth hemlock–hardwood forest

    Article • Canadian Journal of Forest Research, September 1994, Canadian Science Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  75. Patch Formation and Maintenance in an Old-Growth Hemlock-Hardwood Forest

    Article • Ecology, March 1993, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  76. Forest-Tree Growth Rates and Probability of Gap Origin: A Reply to Clark

    Article • Ecology, June 1992, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  77. Effects of Invasion by Tsuga Canadensis on a North American Forest Ecosystem

    Article • January 1992, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  78. A Simulation of Landscape-Level Stand Dynamics in the Northern Hardwood Region

    Article • Journal of Ecology, March 1991, JSTOR

    Lee E Frelich

  79. Natural Disturbance Regimes in Hemlock-Hardwood Forests of the Upper Great Lakes Region

    Article • Ecological Monographs, February 1991, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  80. A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests

    Article • Canadian Journal of Forest Research, May 1990, Canadian Science Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  81. Red pine growth and chemical composition of foliage and forest floors across a precipitation-chemistry gradient in Wisconsin

    Article • Canadian Journal of Forest Research, December 1989, Canadian Science Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  82. A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests

    Article • Canadian Journal of Forest Research, May 1989, Canadian Science Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  83. Historical trends in tree-ring growth and chemistry across an air-quality gradient in Wisconsin

    Article • Canadian Journal of Forest Research, January 1989, Canadian Science Publishing

    Lee E Frelich

  84. Estimating Gap Origin Probabilities for Canopy Trees

    Article • Ecology, June 1988, Wiley

    Lee E Frelich

  85. Current and predicted long-term effects of deer browsing in hemlock forests in Michigan, USA

    Article • Biological Conservation, January 1985, Elsevier

    Lee E Frelich

  86. A Simulation of Equilibrium Diameter Distributions of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

    Article • Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, April 1984, JSTOR

    Lee E Frelich

  87. Temperate Coniferous Forests

    Article • Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Lee E Frelich

  88. Boreal Biome

    Article • Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Lee E Frelich

  89. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Understanding ecosystem retrogression.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  90. Restoration ecology

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  91. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Greenhouse-gas emissions from soils increased by earthworms.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  92. The disturbance regime and its components

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  93. Sampling and interpretation of stand disturbance history

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  94. Disturbance, stand development, and successional trajectories

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  95. The study of disturbance and landscape structure

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  96. The disturbance regime and landscape structure

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  97. Preface

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  98. The forest setting

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  99. Disturbance in fragmented landscapes

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  100. References

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  101. Appendix 1

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  102. Forest stability over time and space

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Lee E Frelich

  103. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Climate change intensification of herbivore impacts on tree recruitment.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  104. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Boreal carbon loss due to poleward shift in low-carbon ecosystems.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  105. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Recolonizing wolves trigger a trophic cascade in Wisconsin (USA).

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  106. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Ecological constraints increase the climatic debt in forests.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  107. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Diversity-disturbance relationship in forest landscapes.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  108. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Classification and dynamics of developmental stages in late-successional temperate forests.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  109. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Examining historical and current mixed-severity fire regimes in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests of Western North America.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  110. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Postglacial climate and fire-mediated vegetation change on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA).

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  111. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Fine-grain modeling of species' response to climate change: holdouts, stepping-stones, and microrefugia.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  112. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Density dependence in forests is stronger in tropical and subtropical climates among closely related species.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  113. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Do Earthworms Have a Greater Influence on Nitrogen Dynamics Than Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition?

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  114. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests

    Article • Springer Science + Business Media

    Lee E Frelich

  115. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Tree species traits cause divergence in soil acidification during four decades of postagricultural forest development.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  116. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Where do they come from and where do they go? European natural habitats as donors of invasive alien plants globally

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  117. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Causes and implications of the correlation between forest productivity and tree mortality rates.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  118. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Incoming! Association of landscape features with dispersing mountain pine beetle populations during a range expansion event in western Canada.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  119. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Geography, topography, and history affect realized to potential tree species richness patterns in Europe.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  120. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Agricultural intensification and biodiversity partitioning in European landscapes comparing plants, carabids, and birds.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  121. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Open areas in a landscape enhance pollen-mediated gene flow of a species: evidence from northern Switzerland.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  122. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Variation in local weather explains differences in fire regimes within a Québec south-eastern boreal forest landscape.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  123. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  124. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Linking vegetation change, carbon sequestration and biodiversity: insights from island ecosystems in a long-term natural experiment.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  125. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for The relative importance of deforestation, precipitation change, and temperature sensitivity in determining the future distributions and diversity of Amazonian plant species.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  126. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Recent burning of boreal forests exceeds fire regime limits of the past 10,000 years.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  127. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Pliocene Warmth, Polar Amplification, and Stepped Pleistocene Cooling Recorded in NE Arctic Russia.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  128. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for The influence of geomorphic processes on plant distribution and abundance as reflected in plant tolerance curves.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  129. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Multiple successional pathways and precocity in forest development: can some forests be born complex?

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich

  130. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Geomorphic principles of terrain organization and vegetation gradients.

    Article • Faculty of 1000, Ltd.

    Lee E Frelich