All Stories

  1. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine boosters in participants with advanced HIV disease

    Article • Journal of Infection, February 2026, Elsevier

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  2. A Pilot Study on the Potential Pathological Link Between Oxidative Stress Markers and Renal Function in People Living with HIV

    Article • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, November 2025, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  3. Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications in Basal Cell Carcinoma: Current Concepts and Future Directions

    Article • Medicina, October 2025, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  4. Sustained Activation of Myeloperoxidase Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

    Article • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, October 2025, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  5. Current and Emerging Insights into the Causes, Immunopathogenesis, and Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

    Article • Cancers, May 2025, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  6. Vascular endothelial growth factor A: friend or foe in the pathogenesis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections?

    Article • Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, February 2025, Frontiers

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  7. Sodium, Potassium-Adenosine Triphosphatase as a Potential Target of the Anti-Tuberculosis Agents, Clofazimine and Bedaquiline

    Article • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, December 2024, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  8. T-Cell Phenotypes and Systemic Cytokine Profiles of People Living with HIV Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19

    Article • Microorganisms, October 2024, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  9. Comparative Effects of Efavirenz and Dolutegravir on Metabolomic and Inflammatory Profiles, and Platelet Activation of People Living with HIV: A Pilot Study

    Article • Viruses, September 2024, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel, Prof Jan Gert Nel

  10. Aberrant innate immune profile associated with COVID-19 mortality in Pretoria, South Africa

    Article • Clinical Immunology, September 2024, Elsevier

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  11. Persistently Elevated Expression of Systemic, Soluble Co-Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecules in People Living with HIV before and One Year after Antiretroviral Therapy

    Article • Pathogens, June 2024, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  12. Relationships of emerging biomarkers of cancer cachexia with quality of life, appetite, and cachexia

    Article • Supportive Care in Cancer, May 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  13. Transforming growth factor-β1 and soluble co-inhibitory immune checkpoints as putative drivers of immune suppression in patients with basal cell carcinoma

    Article • Translational Oncology, April 2024, Elsevier

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  14. Emerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopenia

    Article • Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, October 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  15. Comparison of platelet-and endothelial-associated biomarkers of disease activity in people hospitalized with Covid-19 with and without HIV co-infection

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, August 2023, Frontiers

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  16. Pro-Tumorigenic and Thrombotic Activities of Platelets in Lung Cancer

    Article • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, July 2023, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  17. Biomarkers for disease progression identified in psoriasis patients: A pilot study

    Article • JEADV Clinical Practice, June 2023, Wiley

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  18. Dysregulation of systemic soluble immune checkpoints in early breast cancer is attenuated following administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is associated with recovery of CD27, CD28, CD40, CD80, ICOS and GITR and substantially increased levels o...

    Article • Frontiers in Oncology, March 2023, Frontiers

    Prof Pieter Meyer, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  19. Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Children with Perinatal HIV Exposure

    Article • Viruses, January 2023, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  20. Pro-Inflammatory Interactions of Dolutegravir with Human Neutrophils in an In Vitro Study

    Article • Molecules, December 2022, MDPI AG

    Prof Pieter Meyer, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  21. Assessment of the efficacy of clofazimine alone and in combination with primary agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro

    Article • Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, June 2022, Elsevier

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  22. Systemic Immune Dysregulation in Early Breast Cancer Is Associated With Decreased Plasma Levels of Both Soluble Co-Inhibitory and Co-Stimulatory Immune Checkpoint Molecules

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, May 2022, Frontiers

    Prof Pieter Meyer, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  23. Systemic levels of the soluble co-inhibitory immune checkpoints, CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1/PD-L1 and TIM-3 are markedly increased in basal cell carcinoma

    Article • Translational Oncology, May 2022, Elsevier

    Prof Pieter Meyer, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  24. Elevated Levels of Soluble CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3 and Systemic Inflammatory Stress as Potential Contributors to Immune Suppression and Generalized Tumorigenesis in a Cohort of South African Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients

    Article • Frontiers in Oncology, February 2022, Frontiers

    Prof Pieter Meyer, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  25. Evaluation of three different laboratory methods to detect preformed human leukocyte antigen antibodies in a South African kidney transplant population

    Article • African Health Sciences, August 2021, African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Prof Pieter Meyer, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  26. Human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with a differential increase in cytokine response and increased risk of perforation in acute appendicitis

    Article • BJS, March 2021, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  27. Interactions of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy With Neutrophils and Platelets

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, March 2021, Frontiers

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  28. Submission for Special Issue: The Role of Platelet Activation in the Pathophysiology of HIV, Tuberculosis, and Pneumococcal Disease. Bedaquiline Suppresses ADP-Mediated Activation of Human Platelets In Vitro via Interference With Phosphatidylinositol 3...

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, February 2021, Frontiers

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  29. Differential Responsiveness of the Platelet Biomarkers, Systemic CD40 Ligand, CD62P, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB, to Virally-Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, January 2021, Frontiers

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  30. Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict CD4+ T-cell Recovery and Viral Rebound in HIV-1 Infected Africans on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

    Article • The Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2020, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  31. ADP-Mediated Upregulation of Expression of CD62P on Human Platelets Is Critically Dependent on Co-Activation of P2Y1 and P2Y12 Receptors

    Article • Pharmaceuticals, November 2020, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel, Prof Jan Gert Nel

  32. Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer

    Article • Pharmaceuticals, November 2020, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  33. High Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Cancer

    Article • Cells, July 2020, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  34. Role of the Neutrophil in the Pathogenesis of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Responsiveness to Therapy

    Article • Molecules, April 2020, MDPI AG

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  35. Biofilm formation and induction of stress response genes is a common response of several serotypes of the pneumococcus to cigarette smoke condensate

    Article • Journal of Infection, February 2020, Elsevier

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  36. Cigarette smoke exposure induces expression of the pneumococcal <i>erm</i>(B) macrolide resistance gene

    Article • Tobacco Induced Diseases, November 2019, E.U. European Publishing

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  37. What could be the source of endotoxin that plays a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis?

    Article • Mediators of Inflammation, November 2019, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel, Mohammed Tikly, Prof Pieter Meyer

  38. Interleukin-10 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist distinguish between patients with sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

    Article • Cytokine, August 2019, Elsevier

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel, Prof Pieter Meyer

  39. Plasma Biomarkers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Systemic Inflammation and Immune Activation in Sub-Saharan Africa Before and During Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

    Article • The Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 2019, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  40. Effects of Tobacco Usage and Antiretroviral Therapy on Biomarkers of Systemic Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Participants

    Article • Mediators of Inflammation, December 2018, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Theresa Rossouw, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel, Professor Charles Feldman

  41. Strategies for screening cord blood for a public cord blood bank in high HIV prevalence regions

    Article • Global Health, January 2018, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  42. The Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 in the Progression of HIV/AIDS and Development of Non-AIDS-Defining Fibrotic Disorders

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, November 2017, Frontiers

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  43. Facial appearance reveals immunity in African men

    Article • Scientific Reports, August 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  44. Investigation of the Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Action and Cytotoxicity of a Semipurified Fraction and Isolated Compounds From the Leaf of Peltophorum africanum (Fabaceae)

    Article • Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, July 2017, SAGE Publications

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  45. HIV as a Cause of Immune Activation and Immunosenescence

    Article • Mediators of Inflammation, January 2017, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Theresa Rossouw, Prof Helen Carolyn Steel, Prof Martin Nieuwoudt

  46. Systemic Immune Activation Profiles of HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Children and Their Mothers

    Article • Mediators of Inflammation, January 2016, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  47. Constituting a public umbilical cord blood bank in South Africa

    Article • British Journal of Pharmacology, January 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  48. Expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in childhood CF and non-CF bronchiectasis

    Article • Pediatric Pulmonology, October 2014, Wiley

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel

  49. Can the anti-inflammatory activities of β2-agonists be harnessed in the clinical setting?

    Article • Drug Design Development and Therapy, November 2013, Taylor & Francis

    Prof Helen Carolyn Steel, Professor Charles Feldman