All Stories

  1. Impact of accidental hypothermia in trauma patients: A retrospective cohort study

    Article • Injury, January 2024, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  2. Source control in emergency general surgery: WSES, GAIS, SIS-E, SIS-A guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, July 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  3. Prehospital Active and Passive Warming in Trauma Patients

    Article • Air Medical Journal, July 2023, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  4. The new timing in acute care surgery (new TACS) classification: a WSES Delphi consensus study

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, April 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  5. Interprofessional simulation of acute care for nursing and medical students: interprofessional competencies and transfer to the workplace

    Article • BMC Medical Education, February 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  6. Traction Splinting for midshaft femoral fractures in the pre-hospital and Emergency Department environment—A systematic review

    Article • Injury, December 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  7. Self-efficacy and application of skills in the workplace after multidisciplinary trauma masterclass participation: a mixed methods survey and interview study

    Article • European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, November 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  8. Follow-up strategies for patients with splenic trauma managed non-operatively: the 2022 World Society of Emergency Surgery consensus document

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, October 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  9. A shocking injury: A clinical review of lightning injuries highlighting pitfalls and a treatment protocol

    Article • Injury, October 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  10. Three decades of hospital evacuations in the Netherlands: A scoping review

    Article • International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, October 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  11. Operative management of acute abdomen after bariatric surgery in the emergency setting: the OBA guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, September 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  12. The haemostatic effect of deep-frozen platelets versus room temperature-stored platelets in the treatment of surgical bleeding: MAFOD—study protocol for a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial

    Article • Trials, September 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  13. Postoperative pain management in non-traumatic emergency general surgery: WSES-GAIS-SIAARTI-AAST guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, September 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  14. Correction: Minimally invasive surgery in emergency surgery: a WSES survey

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, August 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Dr Edward Tan

  15. Diversity and ethics in trauma and acute care surgery teams: results from an international survey

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, August 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Dr Edward Tan, Alfie J Kavalakat

  16. The LIFE TRIAD of emergency general surgery

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, July 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  17. Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, June 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Dr Edward Tan, Alfie J Kavalakat, Evgeni Dimitrov

  18. A multicentre cross-sectional survey study on acute wound classification in the emergency department and its interobserver variability

    Article • Scientific Reports, June 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  19. Impact of severe necrotizing fasciitis on quality of life in the Netherlands

    Article • European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, June 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  20. Prehospital body temperature measurement in trauma patients: A literature review

    Article • Injury, June 2022, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  21. The acute phase management of spinal cord injury affecting polytrauma patients: the ASAP study

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, April 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Dr Edward Tan

  22. The quality of pre-announcement communication and the accuracy of estimated arrival time in critically ill patients, a prospective observational study

    Article • BMC Emergency Medicine, March 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  23. Minimally invasive surgery in emergency surgery: a WSES survey

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, March 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Dr Edward Tan

  24. It’s time for a minimum synoptic operation template in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, March 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Dr Edward Tan

  25. Self-perceived preparedness and training needs of healthcare personnel on humanitarian mission: a pre- and post-deployment survey

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, March 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  26. WSES guidelines on blunt and penetrating bowel injury: diagnosis, investigations, and treatment

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, March 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Dr Edward Tan

  27. Levels of Physical Activity in Children with Extremity Fractures a Dutch Observational Cross-Sectional Study

    Article • Children, March 2022, MDPI AG

    Dr Edward Tan

  28. Terrorist Attacks Against Emergency Medical Services: Secondary Attacks are an Emerging Risk

    Article • Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, February 2022, Cambridge University Press

    Dr Edward Tan

  29. Three decades of hospital evacuations in the Netherlands: a scoping review

    Article • February 2022, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

    Dr Edward Tan

  30. The WSES/SICG/ACOI/SICUT/AcEMC/SIFIPAC guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute left colonic diverticulitis in the elderly

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, January 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  31. Robotic surgery in emergency setting: 2021 WSES position paper

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, January 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  32. Terrorist Attacks against Hospitals: World-Wide Trends and Attack Types

    Article • Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, January 2022, Cambridge University Press

    Dr Edward Tan

  33. SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing using reverse complement PCR: For easy, fast and accurate outbreak and variant analysis.

    Article • Journal of Clinical Virology, November 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  34. Anorectal emergencies: WSES-AAST guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, September 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  35. When disasters strike the emergency department: a case series and narrative review

    Article • International Journal of Emergency Medicine, September 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  36. Acute abdomen in the immunocompromised patient: WSES, SIS-E, WSIS, AAST, and GAIS guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, August 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Francesco Di Marzo, Dr Edward Tan

  37. Prognostic factors for mortality in 123 severe cases of necrotizing fasciitis in 5 hospitals in the Netherlands between 2003 and 2017

    Article • European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, May 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  38. A scoping review of internal hospital crises and disasters in the Netherlands, 2000–2020

    Article • PLoS ONE, April 2021, PLOS

    Dr Edward Tan

  39. Instant intra-operative neutropenia despite the emergence of banded (CD16dim/CD62Lbright) neutrophils in peripheral blood - An observational study during extensive trauma-surgery in pigs

    Article • Injury, March 2021, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  40. The management and outcome of paediatric splenic injuries in the Netherlands

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, February 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  41. Optimal Technical Factors During Operative Management of Low-Energy Femoral Neck Fractures

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, February 2021, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  42. Do young patients with high clinical suspicion of appendicitis really need cross-sectional imaging? Proceedings from a highly controversial debate among the experts’ panel of 2020 WSES Jerusalem guidelines

    Article • Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, January 2021, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Salomone Di Saverio, Dr Edward Tan

  43. Peer-led pediatric resuscitation training: effects on self-efficacy and skill performance

    Article • BMC Medical Education, November 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  44. Arthroplasty Versus Internal Fixation for the Treatment of Undisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, November 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  45. Clockwise Torque of Sliding Hip Screws: Is There a Right Side?

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, November 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  46. Factors Associated With Mortality After Surgical Management of Femoral Neck Fractures

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, November 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  47. Predictors of Loss to Follow-up in Hip Fracture Trials: A Secondary Analysis of the FAITH and HEALTH Trials

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, November 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  48. Study Summaries

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, November 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  49. The FAITH and HEALTH Trials: Are We Studying Different Hip Fracture Patient Populations?

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, November 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  50. Venous Thromboembolism in Hip Fracture Patients: A Subanalysis of the FAITH and HEALTH Trials

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, November 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  51. Novel SARS-CoV-2 Whole-genome sequencing technique using Reverse Complement PCR enables easy, fast and accurate outbreak analysis in hospital and community settings

    Article • October 2020, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

    Dr Edward Tan

  52. Using the Red Cross wound classification to predict treatment needs in children with conflict-related limb injuries: a retrospective database study

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, September 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  53. Radiologic discrepancies in diagnosis of fractures in a Dutch teaching emergency department: a retrospective analysis

    Article • Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, May 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  54. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, April 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Salomone Di Saverio, Dr Edward Tan

  55. Epidemiology of penetrating injury in an urban versus rural level 1 trauma center in the Netherlands

    Article • Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, February 2020, SAGE Publications

    Dr Edward Tan

  56. Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, December 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  57. Global surgery for paediatric casualties in armed conflict

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, December 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  58. Kidney and uro-trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, December 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  59. Unpredictable Injectate Spread of the Erector Spinae Plane Block in Human Cadavers

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, November 2019, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  60. Not All Garden-I and II Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly Should Be Fixed

    Article • Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, October 2019, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  61. Femoral Neck Shortening After Hip Fracture Fixation Is Associated With Inferior Hip Function: Results From the FAITH Trial

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, October 2019, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  62. Self-assessment of Skills by Surgeons and Anesthesiologists After a Trauma Surgery Masterclass

    Article • World Journal of Surgery, September 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  63. Loss of Independence After Operative Management of Femoral Neck Fractures

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, June 2019, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  64. Is prehospital blood transfusion effective and safe in haemorrhagic trauma patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Article • Injury, May 2019, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  65. The iTClamp in the treatment of prehospital craniomaxillofacial injury: a case series study

    Article • Journal of Injury and Violence Research, January 2019, Journal of Injury and Violence Research

    Dr Edward Tan

  66. Professionalizing peer instructor skills in basic life support training for medical students: A randomized controlled trial

    Article • Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, October 2018, SAGE Publications

    Dr Edward Tan

  67. Ropivacaine Plasma Concentrations after 192-Hour High Dose Epidural Ropivacaine Infusion in a Pediatric Patient without Side Effects

    Article • Case Reports in Anesthesiology, July 2018, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Dr Edward Tan

  68. Prepared for Mission? A Survey of Medical Personnel Training Needs Within the International Committee of the Red Cross

    Article • World Journal of Surgery, May 2018, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  69. Factors Associated With Revision Surgery After Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, May 2018, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  70. Factors associated with health-related quality of life, hip function, and health utility after operative management of femoral neck fractures

    Article • The Bone & Joint Journal, March 2018, Bone & Joint

    Dr Edward Tan

  71. The prehospital management of hypothermia — An up-to-date overview

    Article • Injury, February 2018, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  72. Vitamin D Use and Health Outcomes After Surgery for Hip Fracture

    Article • Orthopedics, September 2017, SLACK, Inc.

    Dr Edward Tan

  73. Use of Hemostatic Nasal Plugs in Emergency Medical Services in the Netherlands: A Prospective Study of 33 Cases

    Article • Prehospital Emergency Care, June 2017, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Edward Tan

  74. Malunion of Long-Bone Fractures in a Conflict Zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo

    Article • World Journal of Surgery, May 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  75. Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

    Article • The Lancet, April 2017, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  76. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Promising Prehospital Tool for Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

    Article • Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, March 2017, Cambridge University Press

    Dr Edward Tan

  77. Paediatric pelvic fractures: How do they differ from adults?

    Article • Journal of Children s Orthopaedics, February 2017, SAGE Publications

    Dr Edward Tan

  78. Prehospital control of life-threatening truncal and junctional haemorrhage is the ultimate challenge in optimizing trauma care; a review of treatment options and their applicability in the civilian trauma setting

    Article • Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, September 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  79. The Radiographic Union Score for Hip (RUSH) Identifies Radiographic Nonunion of Femoral Neck Fractures

    Article • Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, June 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  80. Review of 58 patients with necrotizing fasciitis in the Netherlands

    Article • World Journal of Emergency Surgery, May 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  81. Prehospital use of hemostatic dressings in emergency medical services in the Netherlands: A prospective study of 66 cases

    Article • Injury, May 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  82. The iTClamp in the management of prehospital haemorrhage

    Article • Injury, May 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  83. Combat related vascular injuries: Dutch experiences from a role 2 MTF in Afghanistan

    Article • Injury, January 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  84. Implant Removal After Internal Fixation of a Femoral Neck Fracture

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, September 2015, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  85. Pediatric Surgical Care in a Dutch Military Hospital in Afghanistan

    Article • World Journal of Surgery, July 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  86. Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for Elderly Patients with a Femoral Neck Fracture

    Article • Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, May 2015, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

    Dr Edward Tan

  87. Impact of combat events on first responders: Experiences of the armed conflict in Uruzgan, Afghanistan

    Article • Injury, May 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  88. Indications and results of emergency surgical airways performed by a physician-staffed helicopter emergency service

    Article • Injury, May 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  89. Coaching during a trauma surgery team training: perceptions versus structured observations

    Article • The American Journal of Surgery, January 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  90. Functional Outcome After Successful Internal Fixation Versus Salvage Arthroplasty of Patients With a Femoral Neck Fracture

    Article • Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, December 2014, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Edward Tan

  91. Systematic review of the prevalence and characteristics of battle casualties from NATO coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan

    Article • Injury, July 2014, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  92. Fixation using alternative implants for the treatment of hip fractures (FAITH): design and rationale for a multi-centre randomized trial comparing sliding hip screws and cancellous screws on revision surgery rates and quality of life in the treatment o...

    Article • BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, June 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  93. Challenges in the training of military surgeons: experiences from Dutch combat operations in southern Afghanistan

    Article • European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, April 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Arul Ramasamy, Dr Edward Tan

  94. Radiographic prevalence of CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement after open reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fractures

    Article • Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, February 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  95. Incidence and Epidemiology of Casualties Treated at the Dutch Role 2 Enhanced Medical Treatment Facility at Multi National Base Tarin Kowt, Afghanistan in the Period 2006–2010

    Article • World Journal of Surgery, January 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  96. Retention of first aid and basic life support skills in undergraduate medical students

    Article • Medical Education Online, January 2014, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Edward Tan

  97. Feedback activities of instructors during a trauma surgery course

    Article • The American Journal of Surgery, October 2013, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  98. The societal costs of femoral neck fracture patients treated with internal fixation

    Article • Osteoporosis International, September 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  99. Femoral Neck Shortening After Internal Fixation of a Femoral Neck Fracture

    Article • Orthopedics, July 2013, SLACK, Inc.

    Dr Edward Tan

  100. Bias towards dementia: Are hip fracture trials excluding too many patients? A systematic review

    Article • Injury, December 2012, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  101. Impaired Oxygen Utilization in Skeletal Muscle of CRPS I Patients

    Article • Journal of Surgical Research, March 2012, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  102. Central coordination as an alternative for local coordination in a multicenter randomized controlled trial: the FAITH trial experience

    Article • Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine, January 2012, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Marc F Swiontkowski, Dr Edward Tan

  103. Mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle tissue of complex regional pain syndrome type I patients

    Article • European Journal of Pain, August 2011, Wiley

    Dr Edward Tan

  104. Effect of a new pelvic stabilizer (T-POD®) on reduction of pelvic volume and haemodynamic stability in unstable pelvic fractures

    Article • Injury, December 2010, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  105. Hemobilia as a Late Complication After Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

    Article • Journal of Emergency Medicine, November 2010, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  106. Mannitol as salvage treatment for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I

    Article • Injury, September 2010, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  107. Intra-arterial tert-Butyl-Hydroperoxide Infusion Induces an Exacerbated Sensory Response in the Rat Hind Limb and is Associated with an Impaired Tissue Oxygen Uptake

    Article • Inflammation, April 2010, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  108. First Aid and Basic Life Support: A Questionnaire Survey of Medical Schools in the Netherlands

    Article • Teaching and Learning in Medicine, April 2010, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Edward Tan

  109. Quality of life in adults with childhood-onset of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I

    Article • Injury, August 2009, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  110. The Oxidative Response in the Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Neuropathic Pain

    Article • Journal of Surgical Research, March 2009, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  111. Letters to the Editor

    Article • Medical Teacher, January 2009, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Edward Tan

  112. Complex regional pain syndrome type I in children

    Article • Acta Paediatrica, July 2008, Wiley

    Dr Edward Tan

  113. Medical education in first aid and basic life support in the Netherlands

    Article • Medical Teacher, January 2008, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Edward Tan

  114. Leukocytes in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I

    Article • Inflammation, November 2006, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  115. Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis in Children: A Survey Among Dutch Surgeons and Comparison with Evidence-based Practice

    Article • World Journal of Surgery, March 2006, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Edward Tan

  116. First aid and basic life support of junior doctors: A prospective study in Nijmegen, the Netherlands

    Article • Medical Teacher, January 2006, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Edward Tan

  117. Pericarditis as complication of appendicitis

    Article • The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, September 2004, Elsevier

    Dr Jacques F Meis, Dr Edward Tan

  118. Capillary blood gas analysis in complex regional pain syndrome: a pilot study

    Article • Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, September 2003, SAGE Publications

    Dr Edward Tan

  119. Portal Venous Air in an Adult Patient with Obstructive Small Bowel Volvulus

    Article • Digestive Surgery, January 2002, Karger Publishers

    Dr Edward Tan

  120. A Comparison of Free Radical-Induced Vascular and Skeletal Muscle Damage in Immunocompetent and Neutropenic Rats

    Article • Journal of Surgical Research, April 1999, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan

  121. Soft Tissue Repair Capacity after Oxygen-Derived Free Radical-Induced Damage in One Hindlimb of the Rat

    Article • Journal of Surgical Research, September 1997, Elsevier

    Dr Edward Tan